2018年3月18日 星期日

政一B 蔡孟軒


姓名:蔡孟軒
班級:政一B
學號:06114207
〔標題〕台灣旅行法川普簽了 鼓勵美台各級官員互訪
〔出處〕http://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201803170014-1.aspx
時間:20180317
〔內文〕
(中央社記者鄭崇生華盛頓16日專電)美國總統川普今天傍晚以總統簽署的方式,讓「台灣旅行法」生效,成為美國法律。

「台灣關係法」與「台灣旅行法」成為美台關係中的法律文件,而行政部門未來的執行程度與態度,則最關鍵。

白宮稍早公布,川普今天簽署5個法案,包括法案案號為H.R. 535的台灣旅行法生效,「鼓勵美台之間所有層級互訪」的台灣旅行法,16日成為美國法律。

台灣旅行法在聯邦參、眾兩院皆以無異議的方式通過,美國國會5日將法案送交白宮,按照美國立法程序規定,扣除星期天,川普在白宮收到法案的當天結束午夜零時、也就是6日起算的10日內,川普簽署法案就生效,而正值國會開議期間,就算川普未簽署,法案也將於美東時間16日自動生效,成為法律,除非川普在今天動用總統的否決權,將法案退回國會。

按照慣例,美國總統對兩院高度有共識的法案,動用否決權的可能性微乎其微,而外界原先預料,白宮可能會以不動聲色的方式,讓法案自動生效,然而,白宮傍晚公布,川普今天是以總統簽署的方式,讓法案生效。

白宮公開清楚的做法,傳達美國行政部門、尤其是白宮的態度,接下來就看相關部門的執行程度。(編輯:徐睿承)1070317

台旅法生效 卜睿哲:不具約束力

(中央社記者江今葉華盛頓16日專電)美國總統川普今天簽署台灣旅行法,正式立法生效。前美國在台協會主席卜睿哲表示,這項法案對行政部門沒有約束力,總統已有這類權力。

台灣旅行法(HR 535)在經過美國國會無異議通過後,於5日將法案送交白宮。川普今天簽署後,台灣旅行法正式生效。這項法案鼓勵美台各層級官員互訪。

美國與中華民國終止外交關係後,台灣的總統、副總統、行政院長、外交部長與國防部長至今無法訪問華府;美國過去雖曾派閣員訪台,但通常避開敏感的國防、外交官員,多以商務、教育等方面交流為主。

對此,卜睿哲(Richard Bush)日前回覆中央社郵件時表示,這項立法對行政部門不具約束力,事實上美國總統已經有權力可以指派高階官員前往台灣訪問,過去美國政府也曾派出內閣級官員赴台。

卜睿哲認為,廣泛的問題在於川普希望如何強化台美關係。

前美國國防部官員包士可(Joseph Bosco)在法案生效前於「真實世界」(Real Clear World)網站撰文指出,川普應該親自簽署這項法案,以彰顯他對台灣民主的熱情。他認為,這是個依循台灣關係法對台灣明確承諾的適當時機。(編輯:徐睿承)1070317
相關法律條文
中華民國憲法
141中華民國之外交,應本獨立自主之精神,平等互惠之原則,敦睦邦交,尊重條約及聯合國憲章,以保護僑民權益,促進國際合作,提倡國際正義,確保世界和平。
Taiwan Travel Act(台灣旅行法)
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Taiwan Travel Act”.
        SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) The Taiwan Relations Act (22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.), enacted in 1979, has continued for 37 years to be a cornerstone of relations between the United States and Taiwan and has served as an anchor for peace and security in the Western Pacific area.
(2) The Taiwan Relations Act declares that peace and stability in the Western Pacific area are in the political, security, and economic interests of the United States and are matters of international concern.
(3) The United States considers any effort to determine the future of Taiwan by other than peaceful means, including by boycotts or embargoes, a threat to the peace and security of the Western Pacific area and of grave concern to the United States.
(4) Taiwan has succeeded in a momentous transition to democracy beginning in the late 1980s and has been a beacon of democracy in Asia, and Taiwan’s democratic achievements inspire many countries and people in the region.
(5) Visits to a country by United States Cabinet members and other high-ranking officials are an indicator of the breadth and depth of ties between the United States and such country.
(6) Since the enactment of the Taiwan Relations Act, relations between the United States and Taiwan have suffered from insufficient high-level communication due to the self-imposed restrictions that the United States maintains on high-level visits with Taiwan.
        SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS; STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(a) Sense Of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States Government should encourage visits between officials from the United States and Taiwan at all levels.
(b) Statement Of Policy.—It should be the policy of the United States to—
(1) allow officials at all levels of the United States Government, including Cabinet-level national security officials, general officers, and other executive branch officials, to travel to Taiwan to meet their Taiwanese counterparts;
(2) allow high-level officials of Taiwan to enter the United States, under conditions which demonstrate appropriate respect for the dignity of such officials, and to meet with officials of the United States, including officials from the Department of State and the Department of Defense and other Cabinet agencies; and
(3) encourage the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, and any other instrumentality established by Taiwan, to conduct business in the United States, including activities which involve participation by Members of Congress, officials of Federal, State, or local governments of the United States, or any high-level official of Taiwan.
心得評論:
    美國國會瀰漫著對中國的疑慮與不滿,是目前的主流氛圍,除了中國自身在南海及東北亞的作為之外,中國外交在美工作,尤其是北京對美國國會立法程序,不但批評,甚至到了言語恐嚇的程度,但是這反而成為了美國簽訂《台灣旅行法》的最佳助功者。無論如何法案的通過並不代表馬上就會有政策成果。如何執行,都需要台美雙方按照自己國家利益或是雙方共同利益去做評估。面對《台灣旅行法》的簽訂台灣真的該開心嗎?夾在中兩大國之間的我們如何面對這樣的處境才是現在最重要的問題真正的挑戰現在才開始。而中國接下來的態度以及作為將會牽動美、中、台三方的發展。


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